In the 6th century
B.C., the Phocaeans landed on the shore of Provence, in a place
where they later founded their colony of Torroeis. Along with
their amphoras, they brought the civilization of vine and wine.
Under the Roman Empire, Torroeis became Torroentrum. Located
in the vicinity of
the village of Le Castellet, the vineyard clung to the hillside
with vines planted in terraced rows, just as it can be seen today.
This privileged site provided ideal conditions for the rapid development
of vine growing, one of the most important economic activities
in the ancient world. There started the history of Bandol wine.
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Beyond the seas
The terroir in those days was the same as it is today, lying within
limits marked by the geological barriers of the Gros Cerveau mountain
to the south, the Mont Caume to the east and the Massif de la Sainte-Baume
to the north, with the Gulf of Bandol as a natural outlet to the
sea. The dev-elopment of maritime trade, together with the skill
of enterprising wine growers brought early fame to what was going
to become Bandol wine.
The ability of wine to travel by sea was at the origin of the port
of Bandol. Later, a deep-water harbour was constructed especially
for this trade. This calling grew stronger and stronger until the
end of the 19th century. From this bay, sheltered from both prevailing
winds – the east wind and the Mistral – the wine trade
could expand and prosper. And it did prosper. Louis XV enjoyed
Bandol and had it served at the royal table. In 1846, as many as
9,600 barrels where shipped and the city echoed with the blows
of hammers from over a hundred cooperage workshops. The Bandol
vineyard acreage reached its highest point around 1870. But the
vines were destroyed by the terrible phylloxera epidemic and centuries
of hard work were ruined.
The revival
To restore the vineyard, the wine growers chose the grape varieties
best suited to the terroir, giving preference to those that were
traditionally grown in the area. In particular, the Mourvèdre – the “King
Grape” of Bandol – made the revival and perpetuation
of vine growing possible in this region. Thanks to a handful of
clear-minded and determined wine growers, among which Countess
Portalis, Messrs de Pissy, Peyraud, Roethlisberger, and a few others,
a quality-oriented policy was initiated. This demand for quality
made Bandol a precursor in the AOC system of regulation. Bandol
was one of the first vineyards to be granted the AOC status by
the Institut National des Appellations d’Origine (INAO) in
1941, soon after it was created. From then on, the Bandol wine
growers have constantly been striving for quality. In this frame
of mind, they regularly revise the founding decree of 1941 to improve
it. Proud of their unanimity of views and fortified by their diversity,
they are heirs to a constantly evolving patrimony. Bandol wines
are the fruit of men’s dedication and scrupulous respect
for the appellation and terroir. Each of them bears the imprint
of the wine grower who made it and reflects his personality. To
understand the true nature of Bandol wines, one needs to go and
meet them one by one. |
